Ants are much more than reflex machines
They are self-acting creatures guided by memories of the past individual (ontogenic) experience
Charles Henry Turner
Ants, Bees, and Wasps learn, remember, and recognize landmarks to get home
Rather than move by mindless 'instinct' as previously thought
Galley spiders: an instinctive impulse prompts them to weave galley webs
But the details of the construction are products of intelligent action.
Instinct can induce an idea
but Intelligent action is needed to create and produce outcomes!
Outcome = Idea * Execution = Instinct * Intelligence
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